The Fallacy of Nonsense Essay - 1906 Words

The Fallacy of Nonsense Lewis Carroll was a professor of logic, writing among his well known works of fiction, treatises on the subject of logic and even a textbook, Symbolic Logic. â€Å"It is the function of logic to classify and formulate fallacious forms of argument as well as valid ones.† (Burks 367) So is it some of the functions of Carroll’s tales of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass. Presenting different puzzles, riddles, or what appears to be on the surface nonsense, Carroll in these books present many questions of logic and indirectly their solutions, challenging the ability of the reader to believe what has been presented. All his nonsensical puzzles can be either proved or disproved using some†¦show more content†¦Carroll may have chosen to use this particular example to demonstrate a fallacy due to the fact that the reader already knows that Alice is not a serpent, leaving it to logic to prove why. Another fallacy is presented in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland at the mad tea party. On the two propositions â€Å"I say what I mean† and â€Å"I mean what I say,† (Carroll A/T 61) Alice concludes equivalence, applying the symbolic logic rule of conversion. Translated into a form which can be applied, the first proposition becomes â€Å"All I say is what I mean†, notated â€Å"All S is M†, by definition a universal proposition. The second, assumedly a conversion of the first, is translated â€Å"All I mean is what I say† and is notated â€Å"All M is S†, also a universal proposition. However, the conversion is invalid, because a universal proposition converts to a particular proposition. The valid conversion would be â€Å"All S is M† to â€Å"Some M is S†, or â€Å"Some of what I mean is what I say†, according to the symbolic rules of conversion. (Copi 194) Now it is clear that the two propositions are not necessarily equivalent, and the following propositions as stated by the Mad Hatter, â€Å"I see what I eat [and] I eat what I see,† the March Hare, â€Å"I like what I get [and] I get what I like,† and the Dormouse, â€Å"I breathe when I sleep [and] I sleep when I breathe† (Carroll A/T 61) are inferentially invalid, and allowedly so considering this demonstration of a fallacy. In her interview with Humpty Dumpty inShow MoreRelatedBarack Obama s Speech On The American Job Act869 Words   |  4 Pages In this essay I will demonstrate how Barack Obama used these five emotional fallacies; bandwagon, Confidence, repetition, the command and the manufactured problem, to persuade his audience in the speech about â€Å"Jobs† also known as the â€Å"American Job Act†. I will summarize his main idea, pin point the audience that he will be targeting, then I will layout the foundations of this speech along with the arguments he used to benefit this bill. The American Job act is proposal that Barack Obama was advocatingRead MoreWhy Crimes Are Committed969 Words   |  4 PagesThe focus of Samuel Walker s Sense and Nonsense About Crime and Drugs is crime reduction strategies. Some that work, and others that, as the title implies, are nonsense. The fifth edition of the Criminology textbook discusses a wide variety of criminal justice aspects, including; who commits crime and why; the history of studying crime and various attempts at reducing and dealing with crime. Criminology is, in essence, the study of why people omit crimes. In some instances, the two booksRead MoreAbsolute Control in the Novel 1984 by George Orwell Essay797 Words   |  4 Pagespassed into history and became the truth†(34). 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Jung said,â€Å"The pendulum of the mind oscillates between sense and nonsense†¦,†and clearly explaining these two polarized incidents that had the same social setting is nothing short of a duel between the â€Å"sense† and theâ€Å"nonsense†.Likewise, Dostoevsky’s claim, although adequately lamenting the fickle shades of the soul, does not represent the case for humanity because it challenges the yearsRead MoreThe Classic Treatise Evolution By Jay Gould1171 Words   |  5 Pagesthe more religious times of 60 years earlier; he thusly ends the first paragraph with the mocking statement: â€Å"I don’t know whether to laugh or cry.† Such negative connotations ensue with quotes of scientific creationism being a â€Å"self-contradictory nonsense phrase† and â€Å"the philosophical bankruptcy of... creationists†; they can be found throughout the rest of his treatise. 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This also disregards any theory that an all-powerful force, such as God, created life and that the biblical story of Adam and Eve being the first two humans created by God is simply nonsense. Furthermore, it can be suggested that science creates a dull reality and sucks the ‘colour’ and vibrancy that religion and the imagination creates by making everything black and white; everything has a cause and effect. Although science was

Female And Female Gender Roles - 3513 Words

Literature throughout history has displayed to us the evolution of the male and female gender roles in society. Women have been described as ‘the angel in the house,’ whilst men are typified as dominant and prevailing in comparison to women. The gothic genre in literature is used to personify and exaggerate these stereotypes, by using gothic motifs such as dream sequences and themes such as horror and terror. Not only does the gothic exaggerate the stereotypes, but it also allows them to be contravened, due to the transgressive nature of the genre. The psychoanalytical aspect of this genre, allows for repressed desires to be made eminent and therefore characters can transgress and in the process, cross their contemporary gender boundaries. Keats uses the gothic device of Negative capability in order to conceal the transgression of the females in his poetry, Carter revised gothic fairytales in order to display them from a feminist approach and Stoker uses gothic themes, set against the backdrop of the fluidity of Fin de sià ¨cle period, to allow characters to stray from their gender stereotypes. Victorian women were supposed to be both ‘selflessly devoted,’ to their children and ‘submissive,’ to their husbands, according to Coventry Patmore. However due to the trepidation of sexual mayhem that arose during the nineteenth century, society retaliated by recoiling from the idea of a woman having any sexual emancipation. This response was typical of the ‘Fin de Sià ¨cle’ period andShow MoreRelatedGender Roles For Females And Females Essay1305 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: In American society, social norms have created distinct gender roles for males and females. 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Kate Chopin, a primarily short story writer, does not fall short of this statement. Through her stories, â€Å"The Storm,† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† the women seem to be trapped in confining gender roles. By the conclusion of each story all the women find a way to challenge their everyday roles and overthrow them in some matter. Although these stories are dissimilar from each other, both show the struggle that women have against one or several antagonists in their lives. Chopin shows hardshipsRead MoreReflective Statement : Female Gender Roles1897 Words   |  8 PagesReflective Statement: Misogyny in Columbium Society The presentation by Patrick who investigated female gender roles and Jai kai who explored male gender roles was intensely intriguing as it outlined the sexual discrimination present in Colombian society. The presentations educated me on the discriminatory oppression women encountered in this society, while they treated men more leniently. 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This procedure is used in an attempt to â€Å"resolve† some of the ambiguity and reconstruct the genitalia to more closely resemble the common features associated with male and female sexuality. After the surgery, the intersex individuals are raised in a manner consistent with the gender roles associated with their genitals. HoweverRead MoreGender Roles Of Female Characters In Disneys Frozen807 Words   |  4 PagesFrom the post-2000s to today, gender roles still remain as one of the big topics. Compared to society’s ideologies of women in 1930s, women are shown to be intelligent, active, and most importantly, independent. The portrayal of female characters with such characteristics is apparent in Disney’s contemporary film, Frozen (2013). The film portrays two female protagonists, Princess Anna and Queen Elsa. The theme of the film is family; the film starts out with childish, sisterly relationships, which

Workplace Relationships

Question: Discuss about theWorkplace Relationships. Answer: What is Small Talk? Small talk is an informal type of conversation which is premeditated to provide people a probability to increase their networking and opportunities. It aims to put people at ease by initiating them into conversation. In this way, it creates a level of comfort between the two individuals in order to build a relationship between them(Fisher, 2016). The process of small conversation or small talk was considered for the first time by Malinowski. He explained the concept by using a term 'phatic communication' for it(Ogden et al., 1923). The small talk can be considered as a way of social communication as it requires social ability to conduct a small talk with an individual. In order to enhance social communication skills, networking in the workplaces is assumed to be the most suitable environment as maximum time of working people is consumed in the workplaces only. What is the Purpose of Small Talk? The main purpose of small talk is to manage interpersonal distances between the persons conducting the conversation(Mattar Wachsmuth, n.d.). It helps to define the relationships between friends, colleagues, or new relationships and in exploring and categorizing social status of each other. It initializes social interactions in a flexible manner but the main purpose depends upon the topic to be selected for initiating the small talk(Nelson, 2012). It opens the pathway to communication when two individuals are unknown to each other. It is depicted through small talks that two of them have friendly intentions and provides them a positive signal for further interaction(Tranchemontagne, 2016). It provides effortlessness in concluding communication which is beneficial for establishing the relationship between two people. Being a social species, it is a tendency of humans to start phatic talks with the person they meet until some sort of substantial matter for discussion arises. However, t he whole purpose of small talks depends only and only upon the relationship between two people who are communicating with each other. It is based on the nature of relation as how should a particular small talk be commenced(Tsang, 2008). What are the Benefits of Engaging in Small Talk? There are so many benefits of engaging in small talks, some of them are- It provides a lot of information as well as the sense of mood of the other person(Admin, 2009). It helps us to make a good impression about ourselves in front of other people and on the other hand, we can test the sense of humour of the other person by engaging in small talks(Park, 2015). It can lead to long lasting relationships particularly in case of friendship; all friendly relationships start through small talks and become close friendship slowly and gradually. Chatting with strangers helps us in creating new thoughts and ideas and inspires us in many innovative ways(Sravani, 2016). In an era of smart phones and various gadgets, people do not usually pay heed to the surroundings and live with gadgets only. Small conversations with a real person instead of online chats aware us about our surroundings also(Nickalls, 2016). Starting a Conversation with a Neighbour in a Book Store. Person A: Hey, I never knew you have interest in reading books? Person B: Yeah, I have. Person A: What kind of books do you prefer reading? Person B: I have a lot of interest in reading fiction. Person A: Same here. What are your favourite authors? Person B: I love to read novels by Jane Austen and Thomas Hardy. Person A: Even I like their novels but my favourites are Thomas Hughes and J.K. Rowling. Person B: Okay! Good to hear that. Anyway, meet you sometime later. Bye! Person A: Bye! Starting a Conversation with a Stranger at the Bus Stop Person A: Hey, my name is Nick. The weather is quite good today, isn't it? Person B: Hello, mine is Jack. Yes, you're right. It was scorching hot for last couple of weeks. Person A: I hope the weather remains like this for some time now. Person B: Don't you think the bus is quite late today! Person A: Yeah, it usually arrives by this time but today it is getting too late. Person B: We will get late in reaching office. Person A: Yeah, you are right. We will surely have to hear one or two from our respective bosses. Starting a Conversation with a Colleague you Meet in a Shop Person A: Nice to see you here. Person B: Me too. Do you come to this shop on regular basis? Person A: Yeah, I purchase all grocery from here only. Many varieties are available here. Person B: Oh really! Are they available at reasonable prices? Actually, I have come here for the first time. Person A: Yes, I think so. You can try and compare it yourself. Person B: Ok. How is office going these days? Person A: As usual. How about you? Person B: It's going fine. Meet you in the office tomorrow. Have a good day! Person A: Ok, bye. See you tomorrow. Conversation with an Unknown at a Function Person A: Hello, myself Lisa. It seems I've seen you somewhere. May I know your name? Person B: Hi, my name is Daisy. May be I can, if you can tell me something about you. Person A: Ok, I'm a local resident of this place and I have completed my studies from the California University and currently working in a Bank. I am a close relative of the family hosting this function. Person B: Ok. So we are relative in that sense as I am also a distant relative of the family. Person A: Oh, really! So you should come to my place someday. I live nearby Apollo Residency. Person B: Yeah, sure. We'll meet soon. Topics appropriate for small talk discussions are: Your last holiday- Weather is excellent. I'm planning a trip. Where did you spend your last holidays? The weather- What a weather! It's raining after so long. Your favourite actor- Have you seen the last movie? The lead is my favourite actor. Gardening- What are your hobbies? Mine is gardening. Your health problems- I caught cold due to rainy weather. Do you have some medicine? The latest movies- Did you watch any of the latest movies? Any suggestions which one should I watch? The local basketball team- Do you have interest in playing games? Cars- New generations are very crazy about latest models in cars, aren't they? A product you would like to sell in the office- Have you ever used that product? I prefer using that and believe me it's awesome. Your home town- Are you a resident from here only or your home town is somewhere else? Reasons as to why some topics may be inappropriate for small talks are as follows: The best political party- It seems to be a vast topic for discussion as every person has some or the other opinion about the political party they like. Your family- It is also an extensive topic for discussion as some people live in nuclear family while some in joint and the discussion can also be based on family members, culture, traditions, etc. The One true path to eternal life- It depends upon the faith and beliefs of the people and from person to person. Hence, it is not appropriate for small talks discussion. The death penalty- It is again a matter of opinion and opponents and proponents arise in this intense topic of discussion. The discussion would go apart from small talks type of discussion being a controversial matter. How much money you earn- This topic is absolutely inappropriate for small talk as nobody asks and not anyone replies to such kind of question in a brief conversation. Therefore, it is my point of view regarding topics for small talk discussions. However, the selection of topic for small talk discussion depends upon the nature of relationship between the two individuals involving in the discussion. References Admin, 2009. 21 Topics for Small Talk Conversation for all occasions. [Online] Available at: https://www.theindiansabroad.com/2009/12/21-topics-for-small-talk-conversation-for-all-occasions/ [Accessed 17 August 2016]. Fisher, D., 2016. How to Master the Art of Small Talk. [Online] Available at: https://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/how-to-master-the-art-of-small-talk.html [Accessed 16 August 2016]. Mattar, N. Wachsmuth, I., n.d. Small Talk is more than Chit-Chat: Exploiting Structures of Casual Conversations for a Virtual Agent. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer. pp.119-30. Nelson, B., 2012. Six Reasons Small Talk Is Very Important---And How To Get Better At It. [Online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/brettnelson/2012/03/30/six-reasons-small-talk-is-very-important-and-how-to-get-better-at-it/#79444ed33c4e [Accessed 16 August 2016]. Nickalls, S., 2016. The Big Benefits of Small Talkand How to Get Better At It. [Online] Available at: https://inspiyr.com/big-benefits-small-talk/ [Accessed 17 August 2016]. Ogden, C.K., Richards, I.A., Malinowski, B. Crookshank, F.G., 1923. The Meaning of Meaning. New York: Harcourt, Brace World, Inc. Park, C., 2015. An Introvert's Guide To Small Talk: Eight Painless Tips. [Online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/christinapark/2015/03/30/an-introverts-guide-to-small-talk-eight-painless-tips/#148cca415564 [Accessed 17 August 2016]. Sravani, 2016. Small Talk Importance, Benefits, Purpose and Tips. [Online] Available at: https://content.wisestep.com/small-talk-importance-benefits-purpose/ [Accessed 16 August 2016]. Tranchemontagne, C., 2016. The Benefits of Small Talk. [Online] Available at: https://www.readersdigest.ca/health/relationships/benefits-small-talk/ [Accessed 17 August 2016]. Tsang, S.C.-y., 2008. Is small talk in the workplace really trivial?. LCOM Papers, pp.69-83.

Plastic Money Essay Example

Plastic Money Essay WHAT IS PLASTIC MONEY? †¢Plastic money are the alternative to the cash or  the standard ‘Money. †¢Plastic money is the generic term for  all types of  bank cards, credit cards, debit cards, smart cards, etc. DEFINITION The :plastic† portion of this term refers to the plastic construction of credit cards, as opposed to paper and metal of currency. The money portion is an erroneous reference to credit cards as a form of money, which they are not. Although credit cards do facilitate transactions, because they are a liability rather than an asset, they are not money and not part of the economy’s money supply. INTRODUCTION: Paper money was first used in China around the seventh century AD, only to be outlawed in 1455. The use of folding currency re-emerged in England in 1694. The biggest  problem which was occurring with the paper note is the wear; the paper note has very small life due to shifting of ownership by time to time and their usage. Firstly Australia was the first who develop the plastic note which have longer life but after wore they are recycled for further utilizing. The plastic notes also secure the government for copying  because paper note easily copied but plastic note cannot be copied. PLASTIC MONEY OR POLYMER MONEY WAS FIRST INTRODUCED IN 1950S We will write a custom essay sample on Plastic Money specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Plastic Money specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Plastic Money specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The plastic note are same as paper but the only difference is that they are made of plastic and more secured but in traveling and shopping people used to carry huge cash which was very unsecured and also increasing crime rate. Then the cards are introduced in the world to resolve the issue of carrying huge cash. Then the cards are known as Plastic Money. The usage of plastic money(Cards) has increased in the mode of payment of huge amount and time by time there are lots of different types of plastic money has introduced which enhanced the features of plastic money like we can use it to anywhere in the world and etc. Now the world is becoming globalize so every card is accepted everywhere with the power of VISA which interconnect the  different countries. As we have the different type of card as listed below: * Credit Card * Debit Card * Charge Card * Amex  Card * MasterCard ; Visa * Smart Card * Dinners  Club  Card * Photo Card * Global  Card * Co-branded  Card * Affinity  Card * Add-on Card. These cards are performing the function of money with different ways. These cards are accepted worldwide, in which you can utilize your own money and also bank’s money. The card through which you spend your own money is known as debit card. The card through which you spend the amount of bank as loan is called credit card. 1. Credit cards  and  debit cards  as an alternative to  cash. People prefer using  plastic money  as it reduces chances of being misused The  plastic money  brought in a lot of joy to every American home, buy today and pay later, seemed to have worked wonders for some time. Although it is easy to be careless using a credit card, the  plastic moneycan be useful for more important purchases. CREDIT CARDS One of the most important financial tools in modern times is the credit card. Their uses in varied places are opening up new avenues of personal finance. People prefer using  plastic  money  as it reduces chances of being misused. The use of credit cards operates on a complex network that ensures safety of the user. Many websites are enabling credit card processing for increasing their client base. Online business is booming. Credit card processing has enabled consumers to purchase items without moving out of their houses. To be able to accept credit cards has taking online business to another level. Credit card processing is now deemed as the key to successful online business. The primary function of credit card processing is to accept credit cards. The online business efficiency is also increased manifold. Payment procedures are automated through credit card processing. When a website owner is able to accept credit cards, he is making  money  transactions for his customers and himself easier. The experience of buying online has never been so simple. Gone are the days when one had to place orders over the telephone or use checks for payments. Now, all one needs to do is enter the details of his/her credit card and the rest is handled by the credit card processing service providers. Credit card processing has been able to save a lot of time and energy. Online business operates 247. Consumers from all time zones avail the products and services of online business. Credit card processing has rendered this simpler. Being able to accept credit cards has made it possible to transact 24 hours a day virtually. Automation has proved to be a contributing factor in the success of online business. Credit card processing has given online business owners freedom from sitting at the desk constantly to monitor the transfer ofmoney. Online business owners need to have an online merchant account to be able to accept credit cards from consumers. This service is needed for processing all the orders. Various kinds of online merchant account providers are available to cater to the different kinds of online business needing credit card processing. The changes of online merchant accounts may vary from the number of payments to monthly payments. The constant competition of the various service providers and the launch of new service providers are expected to pull down the rates in the near future. Online business owners should consider the reliability, the customer support system and security of the credit card processing service providers before they zero in on one of them. Choosing the cheapest service provider is not always a wise decision. Free credit card processing services are also available. These are meant for newcomers in online business. Website owners have to go through verification of the credit card number, its expiry date and other details after they accept credit cards. Beginners have to pay a nominal amount for every transaction and enjoy the services. They do not need to purchase costly credit card processing software or pay huge fees for customer services like regular credit card processing services. A good amount of research is needed to know about the best service providers. Did you find this article useful? For more useful tips and hints, points to ponder and keep in mind, techniques, and insights pertaining to computer Virus, do please browse for more information at our websites. Dinner It is not until 1950 that the Dinner Club Card was created by a restaurant patron who forgot his wallet and realized there needed to be an alternative to cash only. This started the first credit card specifically for widespread use, even though it was primarily used for entertainment and travel expenses.